Archive for July, 2012

日本债务倒计时 (Countdown on Japanese’s Debt Time bomb)

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日本债务倒计时 (Countdown on Japanese’s Debt Time bomb)

此文原载联合早报

在金融世界,有许多书面道理无法解释的奇特现象,日本的政府债券即为一例。日本是全世界负债最高的政府之一,其公共债务高达国民生产总值的200%左右(美国中央情报局在2011年的估计),和津巴布韦相当(230%),高于深陷债务危机的欧洲诸国如希腊(165%)、爱尔兰(108%)和意大利(120%)。

然而,日本政府却比这些欧洲政府幸运得多,可以用极低的利率(10年期债券殖利率目前低于1%),从金融市场上借债以弥补其财政赤字(相比较而言,希腊的10年期债券殖利率高达27%),同时日元还被视作避险资产,屡屡在金融市场动荡不安的时候,成为众多投资者青睐的货币(如2008年的金融危机)。

对于日本政府在如此高负债的情况下,仍能享受极低利率这个令人费解的现象,有过许多解释。比如有些经济学家认为,这主要是日本政府的债务多为本国人购买(超过90%),同时日本是贸易顺差国,其外汇储备仅次于中国,并且在过去几十年积累了大量的海外净资产。由于其高额的政府债务都是以日元计,因此只要日本央行肯发行足够的日元,就不存在赖账的风险。再加上日本已经多年处于通货紧缩的状态,即使债券只给出1%的利息,在物价下降的环境下,持有债券还是可以保住购买力,对投资者来说比较划算。

上述这些解释应该说都有一定的道理,可能也部分解释了为什么过去几十年,日本债券价格持续坚挺的原因。但是其中有一些因素在最近也开始发生变化,从而提高了日债价格逆转的可能性。

这个变化主要要从日本去年的地震海啸说起。由于地震引发海啸,并且导致福岛核电站的核泄漏,日本政府决定关闭全国所有的核电站。这样一来,全国的能源供应只能依靠传统的煤和天然气发电。日本由于自身自然资源的匮乏,只能依靠进口来获得这些能源原料。从核电站关闭的决定实施以来,日本每个月的天然气、煤和石油进口连续上升,导致原本的贸易顺差转变为当前的贸易逆差。对于以出口为导向的日本经济来说,这不啻为一个巨大的逆反。 Read the rest of this entry »

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Wu Zhijian on Business Times: What a China Slowdown Means to the World (中国经济减速意味着什么)

20100720 205123 1 300x199 Wu Zhijian on Business Times: What a China Slowdown Means to the World (中国经济减速意味着什么)This article was originally published on Business Times

There seems little doubt that China is entering a period of slower growth. From the top line level, the headline GDP growth rate in Q1 has been reported to decrease to a new lower level of 8.1%, which is unseen since 2008. China’s premier Wen Jiabao also lowered the government’s economic growth target to 7.5% back in March, the first time in the last 8 years.

On more micro levels, different data series seem to confirm such a trend as well. For example, the HSBC China PMI has been indicating a slowdown in the manufacturing activity for at least the past six months. The national power consumption growth and the railway freight growth, both the closely watched indicators which arguably give a better gauge of Chinese economy’s real picture, also have been declining since the beginning of the year.

In addition, the pain is also felt on the local level. During a trip of mine to China last week, for example, I was told by a regional manager of an Internationally renowned luxury automobile company that they are seeing the sales of this year to plummet dramatically compared to last year and he was even instructed by his superior to lower their cost either via reducing their wage bills (for at least 20%) or cutting their overheads. Another law firm partner concurred by indicating that their advisory and consulting business to multinational companies in Shanghai and Beijing saw a drop of revenue for at least 30% this year compared to last year. Read the rest of this entry »

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